Reported video confessions could be used as evidence in international criminal court.
Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya refugees remain in Bangladesh after fleeing the violence in Myanmar. Photograph: Fred Dufour/AFP/Getty Images
Two Myanmar soldiers have detailed a campaign of blanket killings, rape and mass burials of Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine state in video testimony that could be used as evidence of crimes against humanity in the international criminal court (ICC).
The confessions, seen by the New York Times and the human rights organisation Fortify Rights, reportedly show Pte Myo Win Tun and Pte Zaw Naing speaking about what they say were orders for them to “kill all you see”, as well as destroying dozens of villages.
Myo Win Tun said: “We indiscriminately shot at everybody. We shot the Muslim men in the foreheads and kicked the bodies into the hole.” He said he had raped a woman, and buried eight women, seven children and 15 men in one mass grave.
Zaw Naing Tun described how he had been ordered by his commanding officer to “exterminate” Rohingya people. He said he had kept watch while more senior soldiers raped Rohingya women.
It is the first time Myanmar military personnel have confessed to carrying out a campaign of violence against the minority ethnic group starting in August 2017, a campaign the UN and human rights organisations have said had genocidal intent.
Their testimony corresponds with individual accounts given by Rohingya refugees, hundreds of thousands of whom who fled over the border to Bangladesh as their families were attacked and homes set alight, and with reports by a UN fact-finding mission and Amnesty International.
The two soldiers had reportedly deserted the military and crossed over into Bangladesh, where they were held by the Arakan Army, an insurgent group fighting against Myanmar government troops in Rahkine state. This week the soldiers were transported to The Hague in the Netherlands.
The soldiers would be questioned there by ICC officials who are investigating whether Myanmar committed crimes against humanity by the mass persecution and forced deportation of Rohingya Muslims. Their testimony could be used as evidence or they could be called as witnesses.
Myanmar is already facing charges of genocide at the international court of justice (ICJ), also based in The Hague.
The soldiers’ testimony contradicts the repeated denials by Myanmar’s military and government, including the state counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, that genocide occurred in Rakhine. They have argued that the military operation was only targeting Rohingya militants who had attacked police border posts.
The case against Myanmar opened at the ICJ in December, where graphic accounts of mass murder and rape by the military were relayed to the court. Aung San Suu Kyi, a winner of the Nobel peace prize, addressed the court, asking for the case to be dropped and pledging to court martial any personnel who had committed human rights abuses.
However, few military figures have been put on trial for their role in the violence and those who have, and have been found guilty, have only received short prison sentences.
The 750,000 Rohingya people who fled the country have still not been able to return to their homes because of continued fears for their safety, despite promises by the Myanmar government to repatriate them safely. They continue to live in squalid conditions in refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh, where they are denied the right to work.
The ICC told Reuters the soldiers were not in its custody. A statement from the ICC prosecutor’s office said: “The office does not publicly comment on speculation or reports regarding its ongoing investigations, neither does the office discuss specifics of any aspect of its investigative activities.”
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