GENOCIDE  WATCH

Instability has plagued Libya since the Arab Spring, allied invasion, and subsequent ousting of Muammar Qaddafi in 2011. Control of the country remains divided between the UN-recognized Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tripoli and the rival eastern-based Government of National Stability (GNS); despite periodic ceasefires since 2020, the conflict is far from resolved. Both sides have committed war crimes, and the country has seen an increase in hate speech in print, radio, and social media. At least 5,800 refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants are held in official detention centers, with thousands more held by armed groups and traffickers in unofficial facilities, where they face extortion, torture, rape, beatings, forced labor, lack of sanitation and food, and human trafficking.