the grounds of the Catholic Church where she and hundreds of others found refuge in Carnot, Central African Human Rights Watch says people with disabilities in Central African Republic are at high risk during Simplice Lenguy told his wife to leave him behind as people fled when fighting broke out in Central African For years Central African Republic has seen widespread violence that has displaced more than 500,000 With half of Central Africa Republic's population in need of humanitarian assistance, Mudge said people

Sam Mednick and Jean Fernand Koena April 12, 2024 Gender-based violence is increasing in the Central African Sexual assaults and other cases of gender-based violence are rising in Central African Republic. BANGUI, Central African Republic (AP) — It was too late for the mother to shield her children when the people are still displaced, vulnerable and live at the mercy of armed groups,” said Lewis Mudge, Central Africa justice, said Lucie Boalo Mbassinga, vice president of the Association For Women Lawyers for Central Africa

Russian and Rwandan security forces patrol around election meeting in Bangui Central African Republic Nacer Talel / ANADOLU AGENCY / Anadolu Agency via AFP Country Report: The Central African Republic December 2022 Since 2004, the Central African Republic (CAR) has been in a perpetual cycle of civil The Central African government credits the Wagner Group with providing military training and helping It has jurisdiction over grave crimes committed in the Central African Republic since 2003.

08 February 2023 By Antony Sguazzin In 2021 sub-Sahara Africa accounted for 48% of all deaths from violent extremism and 21% of attacks, the UNDP said in its 'Journey to Extremism in Africa' report released , ranging from the Sahel zone in the west to Somalia in the east and Mozambique in the south, has made In 2021 sub-Sahara Africa accounted for 48% of all deaths from violent extremism and 21% of attacks, the UNDP said in its Journey to Extremism in Africa report released on Tuesday.

Call for other African countries to reopen for refugees, after crossings were shut to stem the spread According to UNHCR statistics, Uganda hosts more than 1.4 million refugees, mainly from neighbouring South On Monday, a coalition of 39 international and refugee-led organisations across Africa called on governments Dismas Nkunda, executive director of Atrocities Watch Africa, welcomed Uganda’s decision.

November last year, 22 people were killed in herder-farmer clashes in Kabbia, which is also in the south

By Sera Mishra Genocide Watch Source: Nepali Times Nepal has been a multi-ethnic society since the 5th Century. Caste hierarchy is based on ancient Hindu beliefs. It was officially established in 1769 and legalized in 1854 through the Muluki Ain (National Code). The Dalit caste, or Untouchable caste, is at the bottom of the hierarchy and makes up about 13% of Nepal’s population, nearly 3 million out of 30 million Nepalese citizens. The ideology which characterizes Dalits as unclean arose out of the Brahmanical hierarchy long ago when upper classes viewed aboriginal tribes as impure. The concept of untouchability is deeply entrenched in Nepali culture, and affects the political, social, and economic rights of the Dalit caste in the modern day. Currently, hate speech in person and online worsens the condition of Dalits. This hate speech persists in the form of threats, biases, and stereotyping. There has been an increase in violence against Dalits since the Covid-19 pandemic. The Nepalese government, security forces, and civilian communities subject Dalits to many forms of discrimination and dehumanization. Forms of Discrimination Dalit communities rarely participate in government and social policy making due to institutional and societal barriers. Few Dalit citizens are elected locally and nationally. Nepal’s government does not represent the diversity of the country. As of 2022, 42% of the Dalit population is living below the national poverty line. Dalit communities experience a lack of educational and job opportunities. They often have to live in completely segregated neighborhoods. In many instances, Dalits are not even permitted to drink from the same tap as other castes. Many Dalits have poor health due to discrimination and neglect by medical practitioners. High discrimination rates globally and in Nepal are linked with health problems such as lower life expectancy, lower birth weight, higher infant mortality rates, and higher levels of depression. This pattern is exhibited by a majority of Dalits in Nepal. Many Dalits are severely depressed, but they are afraid to speak about their condition due to fear of further stigma. Nepalese culture is intolerant of mental health problems because of popular associations between mental illness and insanity or substance abuse. Dalits have received the least aid during natural disasters and socioeconomic crises. The devastating 7.8 magnitude earthquake that hit Nepal in 2015 is an example. Dalit households were intentionally excluded from relief, even though they were often the worst affected by aftershocks. Dalit communities were denied treatment and vaccinations during the Covid-19 pandemic due to lack of access to clinics and higher rates of infection among Dalits. The criminal justice system in Nepal disproportionately arrests and convicts Dalits. Dalits are unprotected from abuse by police and higher castes. They are prohibited from entering Hindu temples. They are excluded from ordinary social life. They are not permitted to marry above their caste. Instances of Violence In 2019, 49 cases of discrimination against Dalits were recorded by Nepal’s Human Rights Commission. This is only a tip of the iceberg of actual discrimination. During Covid lockdown the next year, there was a major spike in violence against Dalits, who were blamed for the pandemic. There were over 753 cases of discrimination against Dalits reported to the Human Rights Commission, including 34 murders. The perpetrators in cases of violence against Dalits are usually members of other castes who typically know their victims and live in the same neighborhoods. They usually utilize intimate forms of violence such as beating or choking to brutalize Dalit victims. Dalits are also targeted because Dalit activism is falsely tied to the Maoist rebellion movement. Dalits are accused to be rebels planning insurgencies against the current government. People feel comfortable inciting violence against Dalit communities because impunity is permitted by law enforcement agencies. Perpetrators are confident they will not be punished for their actions. Police often refuse to register complaints from Dalits. Only weak laws protect Dalits. In 1990, a constitutional guarantee of rights against caste-based discrimination was adopted in Nepal. This bill of rights was expected to prompt social change in Nepal. But it has gone largely unenforced because it must be implemented by the government. In 2011, the Caste Based Discrimination and Untouchability Act (CBDU Act) was passed, which prohibits caste-based discrimination in any public or private place. The Act led to the formation of commissions to ensure the rights of Dalits and other ethnic minorities. However, the Act does not explicitly prohibit direct and indirect forms of discrimination. It does not prohibit discrimination based on skin color. Colorism is a persistent phenomenon in Nepal. The government fails to prosecute individuals who engage in caste discrimination. So in practice, violence and reinforcement of the caste hierarchy continues. In May of 2020, a village mob beat and killed Nabaraj BK and five of his friends due to Nabaraj’s relationship with a girl from an upper caste. On December 5, 2020, one of Nepal’s district courts convicted 26 individuals for the killing of Nabaraj and the five others. The case is seen as a precedent that will hopefully lead to further legal action against hate crimes. In 2020, a 13 year old Dalit girl, Angira Pasi, hanged herself in a village in western Nepal. A 25-year-old man, Birendra Bhar had raped her the day before. Instead of referring the crime to the police, locals decided that Pasi should be married to Bhar. When Pasi was sent to Bhar’s home to be married, she was beaten by his mother. In despair, she hanged herself from a tree. Police took no action until there was a public outcry. Bonded Slavery System and Its Impact Many Dalits were and still are subjected to bonded labor slavery through a system known as haliya. Haliya was officially abolished in 2008, but it is still common. Dalits who are still enslaved are forced to perform inhumane tasks, such as disposing of dead animals or collecting human excrement. Most Dalits still in the haliya system are unaware of their rights. Without economic support, families who try to escape the system often fall back into it. The Nepalese government has established a rehabilitation program for victims of haliya. But it is estimated that this rehabilitation program has reached less than 5% of haliya families. Dalit Women Sexual violence and other forms of violence against Dalit women are common. Dalit women have no control over resources such as land, housing, or money. Children of Dalit women cannot receive an education. Dalit women are vulnerable to human trafficking and sexual slavery. Dalit girls are kidnapped and brought to Indian brothels, where they are forced to work as prostitutes. In Mumbai, there are an estimated 40,000 Nepali prostitutes. The women of the Badi community, who reside in the highlands, are especially vulnerable. It is commonly believed that Badi women’s sole purpose is to satisfy the sexual cravings of men. The Badi are known as the “untouchables of the untouchables.” Due to their low status and extreme poverty, many Badi families have resorted to selling Badi women into prostitution. Dalit women are the most exploited slaves in the haliya system. They already play a subordinate role to men in Nepalese society. Being in bonded slavery they have no civil rights.  Nepalese women usually cannot access the land that is supposed to be granted to them as part of a government rehabilitation program. A Dalit woman’s chance of escaping slavery and oppression is almost non-existent. What Must Be Done The Nepalese government has an obligation to abide by its own laws and protect all its citizens, regardless of their caste or social status. Dalit activists have a growing voice in Nepal. Dalit activism is becoming increasingly effective in the fight for equal rights, education, and economic opportunities for Dalit communities. It will take a concerted effort by the government, security forces, and local community leaders to bring full civil rights to Dalits. The CBDU Act should be amended to fully prohibit direct and indirect discrimination based on caste, ethnic origin, skin color, or religion so that all minorities are protected under this law. The Nepalese government should establish national-level policies for Dalit inclusion in the economy, moving beyond the quota system to specific protections, provisions, and opportunities for Dalit families. The Nepalese government should make a greater effort to include more Dalit women in the haliya rehabilitation program. Sources of hate speech against Dalits must be monitored and taken down. Nepalese police forces must take action to stop violence against Dalits and the sexual abuse and trafficking of Dalit women.

Ethnic divisions in Ethiopia date to the 1880s when the Abyssinian Empire invaded its southern neighbors, creating the boundaries of modern Ethiopia. European powers supported Emperor Menelik (1889 – 1913) with weapons, military advisors, and diplomatic recognition. Emperor Haile Selassie I (1916 – 1974) made Amharic the official language, though only 27 percent of Ethiopians are Amhara. Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity became the official religion. Eritrean Muslims fought for independence for decades. Eritrea finally seceded from Ethiopia in 1993, but war continued. Ogadeni Somali Muslims also seek secession. Oromos constitute one third of the population, but they held no political power until 2018. Since the sixth century, Beta Israel, a persecuted Jewish community, has lived in northern Ethiopia. Over 100,000 Ethiopian Jews emigrated to Israel from 1979 to 1999. Those who remain face discrimination. In 1974, the Derg, a Marxist-Leninist military junta, seized control of the country and systematically implemented genocidal killings of political rivals. The Derg abolished parliament, arrested Emperor Haile Selassie I, who died in custody, and suspended the constitution. The Derg was backed by the Soviet Union. The Derg’s “Red Terror” murdered over 500,000 Ethiopian citizens. In 2006 the Ethiopian Supreme Court convicted Derg leader, Mengistu Haile Mariam of genocide (in absentia) and sentenced him to death. Mengistu fled to Zimbabwe, then under Robert Mugabe, where he remains with impunity. The Derg was overthrown by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) in 1991. The EPRDF was dominated by ethnic Tigrayans. Under Prime Minister Meles Zenawi, the EPRDF committed genocide in 2003 against the Anuak people of Gambella province, and it committed crimes against humanity against the Somalis of the Ogaden. In 2018, an Oromo, Abiy Ahmed , became Prime Minister. He negotiated an end to hostilities with Eritrea and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019. He named a multi-ethnic cabinet, but all Tigrayans resigned. Ethiopia’s regions are divided on ethnic lines. Persecution of minorities is increasing. Regional governments recruit ethnic militias. Since 2018, ethnic violence has displaced one million people. University dormitories have become segregated by ethnicity. Most Tigrayans have left universities. Tigrayans claim that Amharas, Oromos, and other groups have destroyed Tigrayan businesses and homes. Prime Minister Ahmed fired many Tigrayan ex-officials on corruption charges, which Tigrayans see as ethnic persecution. Persecution by the Oromo Liberation Front has forced ethnic Gedeos to flee from West Guji. The Ethiopian diaspora funds ethnic divisions, though some leaders advocate unity. In 2019, Amnesty International released a report implicating the country’s security forces in extrajudicial killings of 39 people in Oromia. The report also accused security forces of standing by while 130 people were killed in ethnic clashes between Amhara and Qimant communities in the Amhara state. In early July 2020, security forces arrested several members of the Oromo opposition party and critics of Prime Minister Abiy after an estimated 239 people died in protests surrounding the murder of Hachalu Hundessa, a popular Oromo singer. Most of the victims belonged to the Amhara ethnic group. The government shut down the internet and the Oromo Media Network TV station for two weeks. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, The Prime Minister’s term has been extended and elections postponed. Genocide Watch is issuing a Genocide Warning for Ethiopia due to the government’s inaction to stop ethnically motivated violence between Oromo, Amhara, Tigrayan and Gedeo peoples. Genocide Watch considers Ethiopia at Stage 6: Polarization according to our Ten Stages of Genocide. Download Alert

Perhaps most striking in recent days: with the help of the Africa bloc at the Organization for the Prohibition The extraordinary cynicism, finally cruelty by the Africa bloc at the Organization (Nigeria, Cameroon , Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, Senegal, South Africa, and Sudan) comes just six months after Amnesty cannot be explained except as the result of a chemical weapons attack The bizarre decision by the Africa

prompting outrage – but also a weary recognition that such experiences are all too typical for Black youths “The officer guided my son much more gently because he is white, while the three Black youths had guns

Kiir waves to First Vice President Riek Machar before departing to Addis Ababa, August 7, 2023 (PPU) South Sudan’s President Salva Kiir is in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia to participate in the Saudi and African leaders A South Sudanese official accompanying Kiir told Sudan Tribune Thursday that the event would address ways through which important messages are conveyed in the relations of the two countries”, said the South South Sudan’s Foreign Affairs minister, James Pitia Morgan said the event would be an opportunity for

However, officials have sought the support of foreign governments, including South Africa , Switzerland Foreign governments, including South Africa, Switzerland, and Japan, should not finance or otherwise